ISF stands for Importer Security Filing. As of January 26, 2009, all importers in the United States must notify US Customs and Border Protection of any ocean freight coming into the US. This rule was put into practice so that the Department of Homeland Security would have knowledge of all foreign imports shipping out by ocean freight, 24 hours prior to the event. This rule was put into place to protect the US from acts of terrorism.
What is a 10+2 ISF Filing?
Black Ops 2 Zombies First Attempt Live Commentary Part 1
Black Ops 2 Zombies First Attempt Live Commentary Part 1
Tube. Duration : 19.93 Mins.
Black Ops 2 Zombies First Attempt Live Commentary Part 1
1000 likes and I'll upload part 2 tonight! CC is getting dat love too. Fuck I swear too much when I play cod live haha. Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Main Channel: www.youtube.com
Black Ops 2 Zombies First Attempt Live Commentary Part 1
Black Ops 2 Zombies First Attempt Live Commentary Part 1
Black Ops 2 Zombies First Attempt Live Commentary Part 1
Notification must be provided at least 24 hours prior to ocean freight loading for shipment to the US. The "10+2" portion of the filing rule refers to the importer reporting 10 required data elements to US Customs and Border Protection, and the carrier reporting 2 additional data elements.
Cargo Carrier
What is a 10+2 ISF Filing?
These are the 10 data elements required from the importer:
What is a 10+2 ISF Filing?
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1. Manufacturer or supplier name and address
2. Seller or owner name and address
3. Buyer or owner name and address
4. Ship-to name and address
5. Container stuffing location
6. Consolidator or stuffer name and address
7. Importer of record number/foreign trade zone applicant identification number
8. Consignee number or numbers
9. Country of origin
10. Commodity Harmonized Tariff Schedule number
These are the 2 data elements required from the carrier:
1. Vessel stow plan
2. Container status messages
Many importers have little or no knowledge of US Customs bond systems. Therefore, most importers work directly with a customs broker or transportation and logistics company to handle the filing requirements. US Customs and Border Protection realized that compliance would be difficult for some, so they granted a one year delay on enforcement. Now that January 26, 2010 has passed, bonds are required for importing by way of ocean shipping. You must obtain the bond before you can file.
Four types of bonds are acceptable and meet the ISF filing requirement; custodial bonds, basic importation bonds, international carrier bonds, and foreign trade zone operator bonds. Continuous bonds are preferred.
If you are an importer using a transportation company to handle the import filing process, the transportation company can use their bonds to file and secure the transaction. However, the liability of accuracy still lies on the importer. Bonding is required for both filing and entry of the ocean freight.
Some importers use specialty software to bring 10+2 ISF filing in-house. By using this software or application, ISF entries can be sent directly to customs. Most importers find it possible to do their own ISF filing, but find the entry filing requirements more difficult. Smaller importers are sometimes unable to acquire the bonding that they need for initial filing and entry filing, and find it necessary to go through a third party service provider.
Ocean freight and ocean shipping transportation and logistics companies offer a wide variety of services, including 10+2 ISF bonding and filing. They also may provide rail freight and cargo services, international forwarding services, ocean cargo services, and more.
What is a 10+2 ISF Filing?
Cargo Carrier
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BO2│101-5 w/ MSMC - I'm Back For Good
BO2│101-5 w/ MSMC - I'm Back For Good
Video Clips. Duration : 4.17 Mins.
BO2│101-5 w/ MSMC - I'm Back For Good
Thanks for watching and if you enjoyed, please Like the video and maybe even Subscribe. Follow me on Twitter - twitter.com Ignore these tags: Black Ops 2, BO2, Aftermath, Cargo, Carrier, Drone, Express, Hijacked, Meltdown, Overflow, Plaza, Raid, Slums, Standoff, Turbine, Yemen, Nuketown...
BO2│101-5 w/ MSMC - I'm Back For Good
Black Ops 2: 39-17 KC Rushing (41 Captures!)
Please leave a like if you enoyed the video! I have Twitter! twitter.com My Facebook Fan page! www.facebook.com Here is a really awesome gameplay for all of you, fast paced, rushing, and exciting commentary? Let me know by leaving a comment down below! Black Ops 2: 39-17 KC Rushing (41 Captures!) Black Ops 2: 39-17 KC Rushing (41 Captures!) Black Ops 2: 39-17 KC Rushing (41 Captures!)
Black Ops 2: 39-17 KC Rushing (41 Captures!)
Tribute - Cathay Pacific [HD]
Tribute to Cathay Pacific Video made for the contest of NaschinTV Cathay Pacific Airways Limited (traditional Chinese: 國泰航空有限公司) is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its headquarters and main hub at Hong Kong International Airport. The airline also operates fifth freedom flights from Bangkok and Taipei, its major focus cities. The airline's operations include scheduled passenger and cargo services to 114 destinations in 36 countries worldwide, including codeshares and joint ventures, with a fleet of 123 wide-body aircraft, consisting of Airbus A330s and A340s, Boeing 747s and 777s. Its wholly owned subsidiary, Dragonair, operates to 29 destinations in the Asia-Pacific region from its Hong Kong home. In 2008, Cathay Pacific and Dragonair operated 138000 flights, carrying nearly 25 million passengers and over 1.6 million tonnes of cargo and mail. The airline was founded on 24 September 1946 by American Roy C. Farrell and Australian Sydney H. de Kantzow, with each man putting up HK to register the airline. They named it Cathay Pacific because Cathay was the ancient name given to China; and Pacific because Farrell speculated that they would one day fly across the Pacific. The airline made the world's first non-stop transpolar flight flying over the North Pole in July 1998, and it also operated the maiden flight to arrive at the new Hong Kong International Airport. In July 2001, it was involved in one of the biggest industrial relations conflicts in its history, by ... Tribute - Cathay Pacific [HD]
This video of Panama Canal Transit was shot on board MV Saga Discovery, 13th May 2010. ~8 hrs of transit is shown in ~6 mins. MV Saga Discovery is Forest product career ship owned by SAGA, and managed by Anglo Eastern Ship Management.
If you have the need for a motorcycle trailer, but don't want to spend a fortune on one, then you should consider building one yourself. It might seem a little daunting at first, but making your own motorcycle trailer really is easy and it's very rewarding as well. It can be done quite affordably and, depending on the method you choose, it can be done in just a few weeks. Read on to learn how to build a motorcycle trailer.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Why Ship a Car Safe-Direct - Car Shipping Company Overview
Tube. Duration : 2.77 Mins.
Why Ship a Car Safe-Direct - Car Shipping Company Overview
Safe-Direct Car Shipping is the industry leader in auto transport. A-rated and Accredited by the Better Business Bureau. Five Star Auto Transport Reviews. Call 866-221-1664 for a free quote or visit www.shipacardirect.com
Why Ship a Car Safe-Direct - Car Shipping Company Overview
Why Ship a Car Safe-Direct - Car Shipping Company Overview
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Why Ship a Car Safe-Direct - Car Shipping Company Overview
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Your first option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to buy a freight trailer and add on the other parts yourself. This option is the easiest and you can purchase these types of trailers for a lot less than full motorcycle trailers. They are available in a wide range of sizes as well. Often these trailers are just a couple of hundred dollars for a small or medium-sized one. You'll have to spend a little more if you want a larger trailer, of course. These trailers will have to be assembled upon arrival, but by following the instructions you should be able to have it done in less than one week.
Cargo Carrier
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
The second step in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to add the enclosed part. Once you have purchased your freight trailer, you have a few options for adding on the rest. One option is to buy a car top carrier. These are affordable and add about a car trunk-sized amount of space. If you choose to buy a smaller trailer, you can simply add a cooler and a few other things tied down, such as a tent or bicycle. You should use sturdy chains to attach these items and test out the stability at slower speeds before trying to go long distances.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
No URL
Another option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to build a trailer completely from scratch. If you are mechanically inclined and have a wide variety of tools, you should be able to pull it off and you'll save quite a bit of money. The first step is to build the frame and wheels. Many of the parts needed for this can be purchased used or cheaply online or from mechanic shops. Then you will need to build the carrier. This can be done in a variety of ways. You might choose to build it out of wood or use a carrier that is already built, such as the car top carrier recommended in the previous paragraphs. Other pre-made boxes are available at home improvement stores.
People and things have always had the need to move or be moved from one place to another. People have always looked for more comfortable or quicker ways to travel. Transportation is a way people and things move from one place to another. Different environments require different methods of transportation.
The Evolution of Transportation
Our Ship, Artship | Part I : Once Upon A Time | Artship
Video Clips. Duration : 11.40 Mins.
Our Ship, Artship | Part I : Once Upon A Time | Artship
Collaboration of Artship/Dance Theater with Project Bandaloop. Under artistic director Amelia Rudolf, Project Bandaloop will present a vertical dance performance. Collaborating with Artship Dance Theater members and Slobodan Dan Paich the performance will present poetic enactment of the relationship between humans and machines in the historical context. This outdoor performance is based on the working ship's energy and often unappreciated beauty of the unity between the ship's cranes, hard working machinery and the people who operated them. As the passenger/cargo ship Del Orleans (1940-1941), Artship sailed to Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, carrying passengers to South America and back and bringing tons of coffee and fruit back to the US. The ship became a troop carrier/combat vessel (194I-1949) carrying different kinds of cargo. "Our Ship, Artship" Part I : Once Upon A Time Part II : Imagining Passengers in 1939 Part III : Distant Voyage, Lost Sweetheart www.artship.org
Our Ship, Artship | Part I : Once Upon A Time | Artship
Our Ship, Artship | Part I : Once Upon A Time | Artship
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Our Ship, Artship | Part I : Once Upon A Time | Artship
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
If you have the need for a motorcycle trailer, but don't want to spend a fortune on one, then you should consider building one yourself. It might seem a little daunting at first, but making your own motorcycle trailer really is easy and it's very rewarding as well. It can be done quite affordably and, depending on the method you choose, it can be done in just a few weeks. Read on to learn how to build a motorcycle trailer.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Great Lakes Ore Carrier Wilfred Sykes RC Model Half Speed
Video Clips. Duration : 0.85 Mins.
Great Lakes Ore Carrier Wilfred Sykes RC Model Half Speed
Built in 1949 for Inland Steel, at 671' she was the largest vessel on the lakes at the time of her launch. This model built by James G. Sykes of Halifax, NS represents the Sykes prior to her having been converted to a self-unloader in 1975. It is over 11' long and built in 2 parts which are assembled prior to launching.
Great Lakes Ore Carrier Wilfred Sykes RC Model Half Speed
Great Lakes Ore Carrier Wilfred Sykes RC Model Half Speed
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Great Lakes Ore Carrier Wilfred Sykes RC Model Half Speed
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
If you have the need for a motorcycle trailer, but don't want to spend a fortune on one, then you should consider building one yourself. It might seem a little daunting at first, but making your own motorcycle trailer really is easy and it's very rewarding as well. It can be done quite affordably and, depending on the method you choose, it can be done in just a few weeks. Read on to learn how to build a motorcycle trailer.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Kinesin Transport Protein
Tube. Duration : 0.43 Mins.
Kinesin Transport Protein
***From Wikipedia*** Function In the cell, small molecules such as gases and glucose diffuse to where they are needed. Large molecules synthesized in the cell body, intracellular components such as vesicles, and organelles such as mitochondria are too large (and the cytosol too crowded) to diffuse to their destinations. Most kinesins transport such cargo about the cell by walking unidirectionally along microtubule tracks hydrolysing one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at each step. It was thought that ATP hydrolysis powered the kinesin walk but it now seems that the force of binding to the microtubule is what pulls the cargo along while the binding of ATP assists the direction of motion. Structure The typical kinesin is a protein dimer consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains comprise a globular head (the motor domain) connected via a short, flexible neck linker to the stalk - a long, central coiled-coil region - that ends in a tail region formed with a light-chain. The stalks intertwine to form the kinesin dimer. Cargo binds to the tail while the twin heads alternately bind the microtubule as the kinesin pulls the cargo along. The heads will hydrolyze 2 ATP molecules per step. Polarity Motor proteins travel in a specific direction along a microtubule. This is because the microtubule is polar, the heads only bind to the microtubule in one orientation, and ATP hydrolysis drives the molecule in one direction. Most kinesins walk towards ...
If you have the need for a motorcycle trailer, but don't want to spend a fortune on one, then you should consider building one yourself. It might seem a little daunting at first, but making your own motorcycle trailer really is easy and it's very rewarding as well. It can be done quite affordably and, depending on the method you choose, it can be done in just a few weeks. Read on to learn how to build a motorcycle trailer.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Lockheed YMC-130 Combat Talon Operation Credible Sport JATO Accident
Tube. Duration : 0.82 Mins.
Lockheed YMC-130 Combat Talon Operation Credible Sport JATO Accident
Operation Credible Sport was a United States military aircraft modification plan in late 1980 to prepare for a second rescue attempt of the hostages held in Iran using C-130 cargo planes modified with rocket engines. Its followup project in 1981-82, Credible Sport II, used one of the original aircraft as the YMC-130 prototype for the MC-130H Combat Talon II. The Credible Sport program was a developmental project to create capabilites for a "Super STOL" aircraft to use in rescuing the hostages after the dramatic failure of Operation Eagle Claw. Eagle Claw failed when a Sea Stallion helicopter crashed into a parked C-130 Hercules in the Iranian desert, killing 8 servicemen. Credible Sport was abandoned as unnecessary after the election of Ronald Reagan as President in November, 1980. The program was developed to be a quick strike, simplified plan when overall plans and military exercises developed for Project Honey Badger to implement a second rescue attempt grew to involve over a hundred primary aircraft and large numbers of ground troops. The Credible Sport concept called for modified C-130 Hercules cargo planes to land in the Amjadien (soccer) Stadium across the street from the American Embassy in Tehran and airlift out the rescued hostages. The aircraft would then be flown to and landed on an aircraft carrier for immediate medical treatment of injured hostages. Three MC-130 Combat Talon crews (all Eagle Claw veterans) were assigned to fly the three aircraft drawn from ...
Lockheed YMC-130 Combat Talon Operation Credible Sport JATO Accident
Lockheed YMC-130 Combat Talon Operation Credible Sport JATO Accident
No URL
Lockheed YMC-130 Combat Talon Operation Credible Sport JATO Accident
Tags:
Your first option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to buy a freight trailer and add on the other parts yourself. This option is the easiest and you can purchase these types of trailers for a lot less than full motorcycle trailers. They are available in a wide range of sizes as well. Often these trailers are just a couple of hundred dollars for a small or medium-sized one. You'll have to spend a little more if you want a larger trailer, of course. These trailers will have to be assembled upon arrival, but by following the instructions you should be able to have it done in less than one week.
Cargo Carrier
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
The second step in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to add the enclosed part. Once you have purchased your freight trailer, you have a few options for adding on the rest. One option is to buy a car top carrier. These are affordable and add about a car trunk-sized amount of space. If you choose to buy a smaller trailer, you can simply add a cooler and a few other things tied down, such as a tent or bicycle. You should use sturdy chains to attach these items and test out the stability at slower speeds before trying to go long distances.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
No URL
Another option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to build a trailer completely from scratch. If you are mechanically inclined and have a wide variety of tools, you should be able to pull it off and you'll save quite a bit of money. The first step is to build the frame and wheels. Many of the parts needed for this can be purchased used or cheaply online or from mechanic shops. Then you will need to build the carrier. This can be done in a variety of ways. You might choose to build it out of wood or use a carrier that is already built, such as the car top carrier recommended in the previous paragraphs. Other pre-made boxes are available at home improvement stores.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Keywords:
Your first option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to buy a freight trailer and add on the other parts yourself. This option is the easiest and you can purchase these types of trailers for a lot less than full motorcycle trailers. They are available in a wide range of sizes as well. Often these trailers are just a couple of hundred dollars for a small or medium-sized one. You'll have to spend a little more if you want a larger trailer, of course. These trailers will have to be assembled upon arrival, but by following the instructions you should be able to have it done in less than one week.
Cargo Carrier
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
The second step in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to add the enclosed part. Once you have purchased your freight trailer, you have a few options for adding on the rest. One option is to buy a car top carrier. These are affordable and add about a car trunk-sized amount of space. If you choose to buy a smaller trailer, you can simply add a cooler and a few other things tied down, such as a tent or bicycle. You should use sturdy chains to attach these items and test out the stability at slower speeds before trying to go long distances.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
No URL
Another option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to build a trailer completely from scratch. If you are mechanically inclined and have a wide variety of tools, you should be able to pull it off and you'll save quite a bit of money. The first step is to build the frame and wheels. Many of the parts needed for this can be purchased used or cheaply online or from mechanic shops. Then you will need to build the carrier. This can be done in a variety of ways. You might choose to build it out of wood or use a carrier that is already built, such as the car top carrier recommended in the previous paragraphs. Other pre-made boxes are available at home improvement stores.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Tags:
Your first option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to buy a freight trailer and add on the other parts yourself. This option is the easiest and you can purchase these types of trailers for a lot less than full motorcycle trailers. They are available in a wide range of sizes as well. Often these trailers are just a couple of hundred dollars for a small or medium-sized one. You'll have to spend a little more if you want a larger trailer, of course. These trailers will have to be assembled upon arrival, but by following the instructions you should be able to have it done in less than one week.
Cargo Carrier
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
The second step in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to add the enclosed part. Once you have purchased your freight trailer, you have a few options for adding on the rest. One option is to buy a car top carrier. These are affordable and add about a car trunk-sized amount of space. If you choose to buy a smaller trailer, you can simply add a cooler and a few other things tied down, such as a tent or bicycle. You should use sturdy chains to attach these items and test out the stability at slower speeds before trying to go long distances.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
No URL
Another option in how to build a motorcycle trailer is to build a trailer completely from scratch. If you are mechanically inclined and have a wide variety of tools, you should be able to pull it off and you'll save quite a bit of money. The first step is to build the frame and wheels. Many of the parts needed for this can be purchased used or cheaply online or from mechanic shops. Then you will need to build the carrier. This can be done in a variety of ways. You might choose to build it out of wood or use a carrier that is already built, such as the car top carrier recommended in the previous paragraphs. Other pre-made boxes are available at home improvement stores.
How To Build A Motorcycle Trailer
Keywords:
People have invented machines, called vehicles or crafts, to travel. Some vehicles travel on the ground, like a train. Some vehicles travel on top of the water, like a jet ski. Some even help people to travel under the water, like a submarine. People use other types of crafts to travel in the air. A hot air balloon is an interesting way to travel through the sky.
Cargo Carrier
The Evolution of Transportation
Crafts such as rockets can help people to travel into space. Over the centuries, inventors designed machines or improved ways of traveling to move people faster and faster.
The Evolution of Transportation
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Ships and Boats
One of the earliest ways to transport people and things was by traveling in the water. Boats are small crafts generally used for a special purpose like fishing. Ships are larger crafts that might use sails or an engine to propel them through the water. They may travel on rivers, lakes, or oceans.
Boats With Paddles
People use flat wooden boards called paddles to row small boats. An oar is another name for a paddle. A raft is a simple boat with a flat bottom. We can make a raft using tree trunks or logs. Sometimes, flat pieces of wood called planks are bound together to make a raft. Some rafts are made of rubber or a plastic called vinyl. These rafts are often inflatable.
Early Native Americans made canoes out of tree trunks. They hollowed out the trunk and used a paddle to move from place to place. Today, an artificial substance, made by man, called fiberglass is a popular material for building a canoe.
A kayak is a sleeker version of a canoe with one or two small holes. The holes are where people sit. A rider may attach a watertight skin or enclosure to prevent water from getting in the boat. The boat can turn all the way over without sinking. Some people compete in kayak races. The Olympics have had a kayak event since 1936.
Boats With Sails or Motors
Other boats and ships use different types of power. A sailboat uses pieces of canvas or other fabrics called sails, which are filled by the wind fills and pushes the boat forward.
Ancient Egyptians used sailboats to move the stones for the Great Pyramids from Aswan to Giza. Pilgrims traveled from England on a large sailboat called the Mayflower to reach America in 1620.
A motorboat uses an electric motor and propellers. Propellers are turning metal blades that help the vessel to move through the water. A speedboat is a small, but very fast motorboat. Speedboats pull water skiers, help the Coast Guard or marine patrol on rescue missions, or might even compete in a race.
Larger Boats and Ships
Most large ships are made of metals like iron or steel. They use giant propellers powered by engines to move through the water. A steamboat is a large boat with paddles. A steam-powered engine turns the paddles to move the boat.
The biggest ships are tankers and aircraft carriers. Oil tankers can carry millions of barrels of oil inside huge cargo areas. Designers built tankers to travel long distances and other than oil, they may transport water, chemicals, or liquefied natural gas.
Aircraft carriers are long, flat warships designed to act as a floating airbase. Planes take off and land on the runways on the top of the ship.
A submarine is a metal ship that can travel underwater. A submarine can be small enough to carry one or two people and remain underwater for a few hours. They can also be very large, have a crew of over eighty people and remain underwater for a few months.
Trains
A train is a vehicle that runs on tracks, or rails. Passenger trains may have many compartments for people to travel from one place to another. Freight trains carry cargo, or things. Different cars transport different types of items.
Refrigerator cars transport food. Container cars need a crane to lift cargo in or out of the car. Tanker cars transport different types of liquids.
Light Rail
People sometimes use the term light rail to talk about trains that run on city streets. A trolley, also called a streetcar, is one type of light rail transportation. The first streetcars were pulled by horses or even people. Modern streetcars usually get their power from electricity. Electricity makes things run.
A subway is a light rail system of cars. A subway runs on the street and in underground tunnels. Many large cities have a network of subway tunnels.
Big Trains
Big trains have wheels that run on railroad tracks. They travel long distances between cities and towns. The first car on a train is the locomotive. The locomotive powers the train. The first trains used steams engines. Today, most trains get power from using gasoline or electricity. High-speed rail trains are electric trains that run faster than a regular train, sometimes called a bullet train. These high speed rail systems also transport people in Germany, Korea, and Spain. The first countries to build and use the bullet train are the countries of France and Japan.
The monorail is another type of train. Most monorail systems run on a single rail. Some monorails are suspended. The train cars actually hang from the track.
Motor Vehicles
People drive and are passengers in motor vehicles in most places of the world. Motor vehicles have wheels and a motor. They can be driven on many different land surfaces. Cars, buses, and trucks allow people and things to travel to certain places. They can travel where boats and trains cannot go.
Cars
Cars are vehicles used by people to get from one place to another. Combustion engines are often the power source for cars. This type of engine burns gasoline or diesel fuel to run. Some people are concerned that combustion engines are contributing to pollution in the air.
Inventors are developing other types of power systems to make cars run. Electric cars have electric motors that run on batteries. Some cars use hydrogen to provide power. A hybrid car uses a combustion engine and battery power to make the car work.
Cars vary in their size. A limousine is a long car, which has space for many passengers and has a chauffeur to drive the vehicle. A micro-car, also called a bubble car, is very popular in countries outside of the United States. Auto makers designed the microcar to use less gas. It is also economical because a small amount of material is necessary to build the car.
Some people like to drive a sports car. The fastest cars are race cars. Some cars have special features, like convertible, which have a fabric or hard top that folds back.
Buses
Buses are bigger than cars. A bus has a long body with several rows of seats or benches for passengers. Buses usually operate on a schedule. A passenger bus can carry people long distances. They travel between different cities and towns. A tour bus carries tourists or people on vacation. Some people charter, or rent, a bus for special purposes.
Trucks
Vehicle engineers designed trucks to carry materials of all kinds. Pickup trucks are a bit bigger than cars. They have a flat bed behind the passenger compartment. They can carry many things in the flat bed. Large trucks transport different kinds of heavier materials or equipment. They carry things to places where trains and boats cannot travel. An 18-wheeler is a very big truck. It has 18 separate wheels.
Aircraft
Hot Air Balloons, Blimps and Dirigibles
Aircraft are vehicles or machines that let people travel through the air. The first type of air transportation was the hot air balloon. It is the oldest successful human carrying technology for flight. It floats using a large bag of silk or nylon filled with heated air. People travel in a wicker basket called a gondola, that hangs underneath.
A blimp or dirigible is like a balloon. The gas helium fills up the balloon to help it float. It has a motor to push it forward. This type of craft was very popular before 1940.
As technology for airplanes improved, people stopped using blimps to travel. Today, advertisers use blimps to market their products. Some companies offer sightseeing tours in a blimp.
Airplanes, Gliders, Helicopters
An airplane is an aircraft that flies using wings and an engine. The Wright brothers receive credit for the invention of the first airplane in 1903. Airplanes can be small and carry only one or two people. Commercial airplanes can be large and carry many passengers a long distance in a short amount of time. A motor makes the propellers turn. Most larger airplanes have jet engines. This type of engine has many turning blades inside. They move air much faster than ordinary propellers.
Jet airplanes use turbines to make them move faster. The military uses supersonic aircraft, such as fighters or bombers, to move quickly with a great amount of power. A fighter jet is a small military airplane that can go very fast. The Concorde is one of the only supersonic planes used as a commercial airplane. It carried passengers from Europe to America in less than half the time it took for a regular airplane to fly the same distance. The Concorde was very expensive to fly. Due to rising costs, the Concorde was retired from use. The last Concorde flight was on October 24, 2003.
A helicopter is an aircraft with a large propeller on top. It can rise into the air, or take off, straight up. A helicopter can take off without using a runway.
A glider has a similar shape to an airplane. It uses only the wind for power. The military may use gliders to deliver troops. Gliders are very quiet because they don't have an engine. Some people participate in glider competitions.
Rockets
A rocket is a vehicle that travels into the air at a very high speed. It burns fuel to make thrust. Thrust pushes, or propels, the rocket upward. A rocket engine ejects the thrust out of the bottom of the rocket. A lot of energy is required to propel a rocket into space. Energy is necessary to make things happen. Astronauts and cosmonauts are people who travel into space using rockets. Rockets also transport the satellites into their destination orbit. Satellites study the Earth and other objects in the universe.
Rocket Design and Travel
Multiple sections or stages make up the design of most rockets. Each stage contains its own fuel supply and rocket engine.
When its fuel is used up, a rocket is released. This lightens the weight of the rocket. It allows it to travel faster. A rocket needs to travel at least 17,700 miles per hour, (28,500 kilometers) to make it out of the atmosphere into space, which is the so-called "escape velocity". The part of the rocket that actually reaches space is often called a spacecraft.
Booster rockets
Some rockets get extra thrust from booster rockets. The scientists usually attach the boosters to the side of the main rocket. The space shuttle is both a rocket and an airplane. It releases two booster rockets. As the rocket uses up its fuel, it will also release an external fuel tank. The space shuttle lands like an airplane when it returns to Earth.
Some key dates in the Transportation development timeline:
1662 - Blaise Pascal invented a horse drawn public bus.
1783 - Joseph Montgolfier and Étienne Montgolfier launched the first hot air balloons.
1814 - George Stephenson built the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive.
1900 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin built the first successful airship.
